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In emphysema the spaces resulting from alveolar wall destruction have thin, delicate walls without intervening fibrosis and resemble the appearance of a spider web. In honeycomb fibrosis the abnormal spaces resulting both from alveolar wall destruction and dilatation of small airways are separated by broad bands of fibrous tissue thus ...
CT scan of bullous emphysema. When the subpleural bullae are significant, the emphysema is called bullous emphysema. Bullae can become extensive and combine to form giant bullae. These can be large enough to take up a third of a hemithorax, compress the lung parenchyma, and cause displacement.
An axial CT image showing bullous emphysema of the lungs. There are larger air pockets on the right than left. Bullous emphysema is a condition seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The units making up the substructure of the lung (alveoli) become permanently enlarged due to the destruction of their walls.
The most common disease causing blebs or bullae is paraseptal emphysema though centrilobular emphysema may sometimes be involved. [1] Other conditions associated with lung bullae are: Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency [6] Marfan syndrome [6] Ehlers–Danlos syndromes [6] Cocaine smoking [6] Sarcoidosis [6] HIV/AIDS [6] Intravenous substance abuse [6]
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Subcutaneous emphysema is also considered a hallmark of Fournier gangrene. [26] Symptoms of subcutaneous emphysema can result when infectious organisms produce gas by fermentation. When emphysema occurs due to infection, signs that the infection is systemic (i.e. that it has spread beyond the initial location) are also present. [9] [21]
Interstitial lung disease affects gas flow in the alveoli The alveoli Micrograph of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). UIP is the most common pattern of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (a type of interstitial lung disease) and usually represents idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Low magnification micrograph of pneumatosis intestinalis in bowel wall.. Pneumoperitoneum (or peritoneal emphysema), air or gas in the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal viscus, generally a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.