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First-generation antihistamines can easily cross the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system to reach the H-1 receptors within, often causing drowsiness. [7] Second-generation antihistamines selectively bind to the peripheral H-1 receptors outside the blood-brain barrier, therefore they are less likely to cause sedation.
Other common adverse effects in first-generation H 1-antihistamines include dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, euphoria, incoordination, anxiety, increased appetite leading to weight gain, insomnia, tremor, nausea and vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, and dry cough.
Dry eye syndrome can lead to blurred vision, instability of the tear film, increased risk of damage to the ocular surface such as scarring of the cornea, and changes in the eye including the neurosensory system. [2] [6] Dry eye occurs when either the eye does not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. [2]
“Zyrtec can cause drowsiness,” Dr. Brooks says. “While not as frequent as for older antihistamines like Benadryl, I still see drowsiness with Zyrtec quite a bit. In fact, pilots are not ...
Cinnarizine is an antihistamine and calcium channel blocker of the diphenylmethylpiperazine group. [5] It is prescribed for nausea and vomiting due to motion sickness [6] or other sources such as chemotherapy, [7] vertigo, [8] or Ménière's disease. [9] Cinnarizine is one of the leading causes of drug-induced parkinsonism. [5]
A debunked urban legend claims that a few drops of Visine will cause harmless but debilitating bouts of explosive diarrhea, similar to a laxative. [14] However, symptoms of Visine's active ingredient tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride can be severe, and can include: Dangerously low body temperature (hypothermia) Blurred vision; Nausea and vomiting
[2] [4] Symptoms may include flushed skin, sweating, headache, itchiness, blurred vision, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. [2] [5] Onset of symptoms is typically 10 to 60 minutes after eating and can last for up to two days. [2] Rarely, breathing problems, difficulty swallowing, redness of the mouth, or an irregular heartbeat may occur. [2] [5]
Loratadine is a tricyclic antihistamine, which acts as a selective inverse agonist of peripheral histamine H 1 receptors. [ 22 ] [ 26 ] The potency of second generation histamine antagonists is (from strongest to weakest) desloratadine ( K i 0.4 nM) > levocetirizine (K i 3 nM) > cetirizine (K i 6 nM) > fexofenadine (K i 10 nM) > terfenadine ...