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The earliest period of Māori settlement is known as the "Archaic", "Moahunter" or "Colonisation" period. The eastern Polynesian ancestors of the Māori arrived in a forested land with abundant birdlife, including several now extinct moa species weighing between 20 kilograms (44 lb) and 250 kg (550 lb) each.
Due to New Zealand's geographic isolation, several centuries passed before the next phase of settlement, that of Europeans. Only then did the original inhabitants need to distinguish themselves from the new arrivals, using the adjective "māori" which means "ordinary" or "indigenous" which later became a noun although the term New Zealand native was common until about 1890.
Aztec warriors led by an eagle knight, each holding a macuahuitl club. Florentine Codex, book IX, F, 5v.Manuscript written by Bernardino de Sahagún.. Before Europeans set out to discover what had been populated by others in their Age of Discovery and before the European colonization, Indigenous peoples resided in a large proportion of the world's territory.
The English and Maori versions of the treaty contain key differences, complicating its application and interpretation, some observers say. To address this, over the last 50 years, lawmakers ...
Old New Zealand: being Incidents of Native Customs and Character in the Old Times by 'A Pakeha Maori' (Frederick Edward Maning) Gutenberg ebook, originally published 1863 Pakeha Maori: The extraordinary story of the Europeans who lived as Maori in early New Zealand by Trevor Bentley; published 1999 ISBN 0-14-028540-7 pp. 132–33.
The effects of European infectious diseases, [4] the New Zealand Wars, and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to European ownership, and Māori became impoverished. The colony gained responsible government in the 1850s.
The impact of the Maori people had an adverse impact on the land. They hunted the flightless moa to extinction and cleared large swathes of forests, both to make way for settlements and to light fires in order to more easily hunt birds. Approximately half the native forests of New Zealand were destroyed within the first several hundred years.
A common misconception is that pre-colonial Māori governance was structured into the "rigid and static structural models" (p. 19) [1]: 19 proposed by early ethnologists, such as Elsdon Best (1934): The tribal organisation of the Maori included three different groups – the tribe , the clan , and the family group ....