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Income inequality in India refers to the unequal distribution of wealth and income among its citizens. According to the CIA World Factbook , the Gini coefficient of India, which is a measure of income distribution inequality, was 35.2 in 2011, ranking 95th out of 157. [ 2 ]
With rising economic growth and India's income is also rising rapidly. As an overview, India's per capita net national income or NNI was around Rs. 98,374 in 2022-23. [1] The per-capita income is a crude indicator of the prosperity of a country. In contrast, the gross national income at constant prices stood at over 128 trillion rupees. [2]
In 2016, the idea of a Universal Basic Income in India made huge news by taking up over forty pages in the 2016–2017 India Economic Survey [3] as a serious and feasible solution to India's poverty and a hope for the economy as a whole. In India, this was an idea that has been discussed for decades in both the public and private spheres.
High income 31.64% 2022 2.50 2021 2.950 2020 3.8 2020 Chile: South America: High income 58.95% 2022 2.06 2020 2.268 2022 7.3 2022 China: Eastern Asia: Upper middle income 43.35% 2022 2.92 2020 3.039 2021 23.0 2011 Ivory Coast: Western Africa: Lower middle income 54.66% 2022 2.90 2019 3.150 2021 Cameroon: Middle Africa
The standard of living in India varies from state to state. In 2021, extreme poverty was reduced to 0.8% [1] and India is no longer the nation with the largest population living in poverty. [2] There is significant income inequality within India, as it is simultaneously home to some of the world's richest people. [3]
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
The economy of India is a developing mixed economy with a notable public sector in strategic sectors. [5] It is the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP); on a per capita income basis, India ranked 141th by GDP (nominal) and 125th by GDP (PPP). [62]
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. [1] Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world. [2] [3]