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Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium, is a medical condition affecting newborn infants. It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have meconium within their lungs. Therefore, MAS has a wide range of severity depending on ...
Amnioinfusion is a method in which isotonic fluid is instilled into the uterine cavity.. It was introduced in the 1960s as a means of terminating pregnancy and inducing labor in intrauterine death, but is currently used as a treatment in order to correct fetal heart rate changes caused by umbilical cord compression, indicated by variable decelerations seen on fetal heart rate monitoring.
In accordance with WHO, perinatal asphyxia is characterised by: profound metabolic acidosis, with a pH less than 7.20 on umbilical cord arterial blood sample, persistence of an Apgar score of 3 at the 5th minute, clinical neurologic sequelae in the immediate neonatal period, or evidence of multiorgan system dysfunction in the immediate neonatal ...
The widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the nursery intensive care unit can cause a higher prevalence of invasive antibiotic resistant bacteria. [30] Meconium aspiration syndrome has a mortality rate just over 4%. This accounts for 2% for all neonatal deaths. [58]
Pleural effusions can also develop, which are also seen with meconium aspiration but not with respiratory distress syndrome. [2] The lungs may also appear hyperinflated. [5] It is a diagnosis of exclusion as it is a benign condition that can have symptoms and signs similar to more serious syndromes, such as respiratory distress or meconium ...
It is characterized by changes in fetal movement, growth, heart rate, and presence of meconium stained fluid. [4] Risk factors for fetal distress/non-reassuring fetal status include anemia, restriction of fetal growth, maternal hypertension or cardiovascular disease, low amniotic fluid or meconium in the amniotic fluid, or a post-term pregnancy.
According to the AAP 2020 Guidelines, neonatal testing refers to laboratory testing of the infant's urine, meconium, and umbilical cord tissue. [29] Although these tests are recommended per guidelines, there are several considerations to understand when performing these tests.
The presence of meconium within the lungs, known as meconium aspiration syndrome, can obstruct the airways and also deactivate the newborn's surfactant. The inflammation that also results from the inhalation of meconium also causes airway constriction, resulting in poor ventilation of the alveoli and inadequate oxygenation of the pulmonary ...