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The most distal prolapse is between 1 cm above and 1 cm below the hymen (at least one point is −1, 0, or +1). 3: The most distal prolapse is more than 1 cm below the hymen but no further than 2 cm less than TVL. 4: Represents complete procidentia or vault eversion; the most distal prolapse protrudes to at least (TVL−2) cm.
Colposacropexy is often used for treating vaginal vault prolapse. A Cochrane Collaboration review [ needs update ] found that limited data are available on optimal surgical approaches, including the use of transvaginal surgical mesh devices, in the form of a patch or sling , similar to its implementation for abdominal hernia .
Transvaginal mesh, also known as vaginal mesh implant, is a net-like surgical tool that is used to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) among female patients. The surgical mesh is placed transvaginally to reconstruct weakened pelvic muscle walls and to support the urethra or bladder.
The pain can manifest in several ways, per OWH: very painful menstrual cramps, chronic pain in the lower back and pelvis, pain during or after sex, intestinal pain, and pain when you poop or pee.
Pelvic organ prolapse is often treated with one or more surgeries to repair the vagina. Sometimes a vaginoplasty is needed following the treatment or removal of malignant growths or abscesses to restore a normal vaginal structure and function. Surgery to the vagina is done to correct congenital defects to the vagina, urethra and rectum.
Uterine prolapse is a form of pelvic organ prolapse in which the uterus and a portion of the upper vagina protrude into the vaginal canal and, in severe cases, through the opening of the vagina. [4] It is most often caused by injury or damage to structures that hold the uterus in place within the pelvic cavity. [ 2 ]
However, the association between this type of prolapse and vaginal introital laxity is still unclear due to the lack of related data. [2] POP includes (a) the falling out of vagina, bladder and other genito-pelvic structures, (b) vaginal tissue bulging into and through the introitus, or (c) the prolapse of rectal tissues into the vaginal area. [8]
The absence of vaginal rugae seen in the normal vagina of a healthy woman may be an indication of a prolapsed bladder (cystocele) or rectocele. [13] [12] An enterocele, or bulging of the bowel into the vagina can also cause vaginal rugae to disappear. [16] The absence of vaginal rugae may also be an indicator of pelvic organ prolapse.