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A joint effusion is the presence of increased intra-articular fluid. [1] ... Synovial fluid examination [3] [4] Type WBC (per mm 3) % neutrophils Viscosity Appearance
Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
The joint usually swells due to synovial fluid collection. Watercolour drawing of acute synovitis of the knee joint, showing the beginnings of the disintegration of the cartilage of the internal condyle. Painted by Thomas Godart. Medical Photographic Library. Synovitis may occur in association with arthritis as well as lupus, gout, and other ...
Culture of the joint fluid or a blood sample if infectious arthritis is suspected. Analysis of a sample of synovial fluid to look for signs of an infection (infectious arthritis) or uric acid ...
Joint damage however does not generally occur [2] [5] and only the synovial membrane is affected by a ‘non-inflammatory oedema’. [ 1 ] With regard to the periodic nature of effusions, Reimann theorises that: “…either an inherent rhythm or a feedback mechanism (Morley, 1970) excites 'bioclocks' in the hypothalamus or in the synovial ...
Aspiration of synovial fluid in cases of joint effusion or hemarthrosis can help reduce pressure around the joints, thus providing pain relief. Corticosteroid medications may also be injected into the joint capsule to provide pain relief and anti-inflammatory effects, especially for rheumatoid arthritis and less commonly osteoarthritis.
Ultrasound allows evaluation of joint effusion, synovial thickening and neovascularity, the bone/cartilage contour, and the femoral head-neck alignment. Although sonography is extremely sensitive in detecting increased synovial fluid, it is nonspecific and cannot be used with accuracy to determine the type of fluid.
Transient synovitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. [4] The diagnosis can be made in the typical setting of pain or limp in a young child who is not generally unwell and has no recent trauma. There is a limited range of motion of the hip joint. Nevertheless, children with transient synovitis of the hip can usually weight bear.
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