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The characteristics of adults depend on the palps, wing venation and genitalia of both sexes. The latter two characters have undergone such extensive differentiation among the different superfamilies that the differences between the suborders is not clear-cut. [10]
Neoptera (Ancient Greek néos ("new") + pterón ("wing")) is a classification group that includes most orders of the winged insects, specifically those that can flex their wings over their abdomens. This is in contrast with the more basal orders of winged insects (the " Palaeoptera " assemblage), which are unable to flex their wings in this way.
Lepidostomatidae is a family in the order Trichoptera. It is widely dispersed around the world. Larvae shapes vary. Larvae are normally found near bodies of water. It was first discovered by Georg Ulmer in 1903.
Limnephilidae is a family of caddisflies with about 100 genera.They belong to the main lineage of case-constructing caddisflies, the Integripalpia or tube-case caddisflies. . The Limnephilidae is one of the most species-rich Trichoptera families of northern temperate regions, but only a few are known from tropical areas and the Southern Hemisphe
They have four wings, usually similar in size and shape, and a generalised pattern of veins. [4] Some neuropterans have specialised sense organs in their wings, or have bristles or other structures to link their wings together during flight. [5] The larvae are specialised predators, with elongated mandibles adapted for piercing and sucking.
Leptoceridae are unique among Trichoptera in having their fore- and hindwings highly synchronized during flight, which allow them to perform more acrobatic flights than other caddisflies. [5] Male leptocerids form dense swarms over waterbodies to court females.
Hairs of two types may occur on the wings: microtrichia, which are small and irregularly scattered, and macrotrichia, which are larger, socketed, and may be restricted to veins. The scales of Lepidoptera and Trichoptera are highly modified macrotrichia. [27]
Trichocera annulata, commonly known as the winter gnat, is a species of winter crane fly, of the order Diptera.First described by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818, it is found in Europe and North America.