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  2. Cryogenic electron microscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_electron_microscopy

    Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is a transmission electron microscopy technique that is used in structural biology and materials science. Colloquially, the term "cryogenic electron microscopy" or its shortening "cryo-EM" refers to cryogenic transmission electron microscopy by default, as the vast majority of cryo-EM is ...

  3. Cryogenic electron tomography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_electron_tomography

    Electron microscopy is known to swiftly decay biological samples compared to samples in materials science and physics due to radiation damage. [15] In most other electron microscopy-based methods for imaging biological samples, combining the signal from many different sample copies has been the general way of surpassing this problem ( e.g ...

  4. Transmission electron cryomicroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_electron_cryo...

    CryoTEM image of GroEL suspended in amorphous ice at 50 000 × magnification Structure of Alcohol oxidase from Pichia pastoris by CryoTEM. Transmission electron cryomicroscopy (CryoTEM), commonly known as cryo-EM, is a form of cryogenic electron microscopy, more specifically a type of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where the sample is studied at cryogenic temperatures (generally liquid ...

  5. Cryomicroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryomicroscopy

    Although optical microscopes have existed for centuries, cryomicroscopy is a modern methodology. In the 1950s, ice crystals were studied by installing an electron microscope inside of an igloo. [1] Circa 1980, the adaption of the electron microscope, the vacuum, and the cryostat led to the conception of the modern cryomicroscopy.

  6. Structural biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_biology

    Currently, solid-state NMR is widely used in the field of structural biology to determine the structure and dynamic nature of proteins (protein NMR). [15] In 1990, Richard Henderson produced the first three-dimensional, high resolution image of bacteriorhodopsin using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). [16]

  7. Cryofixation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryofixation

    Cryofixation is a technique for fixation or stabilisation of biological materials as the first step in specimen preparation for the electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy. [1] Typical specimens for cryofixation include small samples of plant or animal tissue , cell suspensions of microorganisms or cultured cells , suspensions of ...

  8. Cryogenics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenics

    Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) is a popular method in structural biology for elucidating the structures of proteins, cells, and other biological systems. Samples are plunge-frozen into a cryogen such as liquid ethane cooled by liquid nitrogen, and are then kept at liquid nitrogen temperature as they are inserted into an electron ...

  9. Scanning electron cryomicroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_electron_cryo...

    Scanning electron cryomicroscopy (CryoSEM) is a form of electron microscopy where a hydrated but cryogenically fixed sample is imaged on a scanning electron microscope's cold stage in a cryogenic chamber. The cooling is usually achieved with liquid nitrogen. [1]