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This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 December 2024. Observation that in many real-life datasets, the leading digit is likely to be small For the unrelated adage, see Benford's law of controversy. The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of ...
Benford's law : In many collections of data, a given data point has roughly a 30% chance of starting with the digit 1. Benford's law of controversy: Passion is inversely proportional to the amount of real information available. Bennett's laws are principles in quantum information theory. Named for Charles H. Bennett.
Benford's law is an observation that in many real-life sets of numerical data, the leading digit is likely to be small. [21] In sets that obey the law, the number 1 appears as the leading significant digit about 30% of the time, while 9 appears as the leading significant digit less than 5% of the time.
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English: illustration of Benford's law, using the population of the countries of the world. The chart depicts the percentage of countries having the corresponding digit as first digit of their population (red bars). For example, 64 countries of 237 (=27%) have 1 as leading digit of the population.
In 1881, Newcomb discovered the statistical principle now known as Benford's law. He observed that the earlier pages of logarithm books, used at that time to carry out logarithmic calculations, were far more worn than the later pages. This led him to formulate the principle that, in any list of numbers taken from an arbitrary set of data, more ...
Benford's law. Benford's law. This was first stated in 1881 by Simon Newcomb, [1] and rediscovered in 1938 by Frank Benford. [2] The first rigorous formulation and proof seems to be due to Ted Hill in 1988.; [3] see also the contribution by Persi Diaconis. [4] Bertrand's ballot theorem.
An Introduction to Benford's Law. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16306-2. Theodore P. Hill (2017). Pushing Limits: From West Point to Berkeley and Beyond. American Mathematical Society and Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 978-1-4704-3584-4. Theodore P. Hill (2018). "Slicing Sandwiches, States, and Solar Systems".