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Coastal management is defence against flooding and erosion, and techniques that stop erosion to claim lands. [1] Protection against rising sea levels in the 21st century is crucial, as sea level rise accelerates due to climate change. Changes in sea level damage beaches and coastal systems are expected to rise at an increasing rate, causing ...
Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), integrated coastal management (ICM), or integrated coastal planning is a coastal management process for the management of the coast using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability.
Sand dune stabilization is a coastal management practice designed to prevent erosion of sand dunes. Sand dunes are common features of shoreline and desert environments. Dunes provide habitat for highly specialized plants and animals, including rare and endangered species.
However, as shoreline development among coastal cities increased dramatically, the detrimental ecological factors became apparent. Hard shoreline engineering was designed to accommodate human development along the coast, focusing on increasing efficiency in the commercial, navigational, and industrial sectors of the economy.
The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (CZMA; Pub. L. 92–583, 86 Stat. 1280, enacted October 27, 1972, 16 U.S.C. §§ 1451–1464, Chapter 33) is an Act of Congress passed in 1972 to encourage coastal states to develop and implement coastal zone management plans (CZMPs). This act was established as a United States National policy to preserve ...
The basic coastline in the Netherlands is a representation of the low water line of 1990. This line is used to identify coastal erosion and coastal growth and to take measures if necessary. In the Coastal Memorandum, [44] the Dutch Government decides to maintain the 1990 coastline by beach nourishment. The coastline in question is the low-water ...
(The Center Square) − Louisiana's Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority has made significant headway in its mission to protect the state's vulnerable coastline, showcasing 109 active ...
This management program is a voluntary partnership between the federal government and US coastal and Great Lake States. The state of New Jersey developed this program to manage, protect, and develop its coastal lands and waters. New Jersey develops a comprehensive five-year strategy to address the high priority needs of the Coastal Management ...