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The vagus nerve. Polyvagal theory (PVT) is a collection of proposed evolutionary, neuroscientific, and psychological constructs pertaining to the role of the vagus nerve in emotion regulation, social connection and fear response. The theory was introduced in 1994 by Stephen Porges. [1]
Episodes of vasovagal syncope are typically recurrent and usually occur when the predisposed person is exposed to a specific trigger. Before losing consciousness, the individual frequently experiences early signs or symptoms such as lightheadedness, nausea, the feeling of being extremely hot or cold (accompanied by sweating), ringing in the ears, an uncomfortable feeling in the heart, fuzzy ...
Thus, the prefrontal input to the ANS modulate the inflammatory response to psychological stress in part via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. [14] In recent years, this PFC-Vagus Nerve-Spleen axis has been linked to cellular senescence [15] [16] and various pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. [17] [18]
The vagus nerve is also responsible for regulating inflammation in the body, via the inflammatory reflex. [7] Efferent vagus nerve fibers innervating the pharynx and back of the throat are responsible for the gag reflex. In addition, 5-HT 3 receptor-mediated afferent vagus stimulation in the gut due to gastroenteritis is a cause of vomiting. [8]
Stephen W. Porges (born 1945) is an American psychologist.He is the Professor of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. [1] Porges is also currently Director of the Kinsey Institute Traumatic Stress Research Consortium at Indiana University Bloomington, [2] which studies trauma.
Vagus nerve stimulation can also increase the release of important brain chemicals such as serotonin and norepinephrine, which help regulate mood and are typically low in people with depression ...
The polyvagal theory by Porges is an influential model of how the vagal pathways respond to novelty and to stressful external stimuli. [30] [31] [32] The theory proposes that there are two vagal systems, one that is shared with reptiles and amphibia and a second, more recent, system that is unique to mammals. The two pathways behave differently ...
The vagus nerve is part of the parasympathetic nervous system, often called the “rest and digest” system because it helps the body relax after periods of stress and regulates bodily functions ...