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An acute hemolytic transfusion reaction (AHTR), also called immediate hemolytic transfusion reaction, is a life-threatening reaction to receiving a blood transfusion. AHTRs occur within 24 hours of the transfusion and can be triggered by a few milliliters of blood. The reaction is triggered by host antibodies destroying donor red blood cells.
Hemolytic transfusion reactions are a possible complication from red blood cell transfusions. Hemolysis refers to the lysis (rupture) of red blood cells, and the resulting leakage of their contents. Hemolytic reactions may be immune or non-immune mediated. Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions, such as DHTR, represent a type of alloimmunity.
Comparison of symptoms of blood transfusion reactions characterized by fever. [45] + =Occasionally present ++ =Frequently present Febrile nonhemolytic TRALI Acute hemolytic Bacterial contamination Appearance of symptoms during or after transfusion Usually toward end. 5–10% appear up to 2 hours after. Early (after 10–15 ml) Early (after 50 ...
The above list is not exhaustive, and rare causes of hemolysis such as Bartonella infection, [18] hemolysis due to transfusion reactions, [19] and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia [20] should be suspected when symptoms specific to those causes manifest.
Fever of at least 39 °C, OR a rise in temperature of at least 2 °C from pre-transfusion values AND/OR other symptoms or signs, including chills (), painful muscles (), or nausea that are severe enough that the transfusion is stopped AND requires immediate medical treatment, admission to hospital, or lengthens the duration of hospital admission.
[3] An example of complement dependent type II hypersensitivity is an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction following transfusion of ABO incompatible blood. [4] Preformed antibody (predominantly IgM) against donor red cell antigens not found in an individual of a particular blood group (e.g. anti-A IgM in an individual with blood group B), bind to the donor red cell surface and lead to rapid ...
"Sepsis is an overwhelming body reaction for any infection and sepsis is a life-threatening condition," Rangaswamy said. "If not diagnosed early and not treated, it can cause significant mortality ...
Immune-mediated hemolytic reactions caused by IgG, Rh, Kell, Duffy, or other non-ABO antibodies typically result in extravascular sequestration, shortened survival of transfused red cells, and relatively mild clinical reactions. Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions due to immune hemolysis may occur in patients who have no antibodies detectable ...