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The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the colonisation of Australia in 1788, which marks the start of consistent written documentation of Australia. This period has been variously estimated, with most evidence suggesting that it goes back between 50,000 and 65,000 years.
This is a list of Australian Aboriginal prehistoric sites. Key: BGS = Below ground surface; C14 = Radiocarbon date; char. = charcoal; OSL = Optical stimulated thermoluminescence; AA = Australian Archaeology
Arnhem Land, Australia: 65–50: Madjedbebe: The oldest human skeletal remains are the 40ky old Lake Mungo remains in New South Wales, but human ornaments discovered at Devil's Lair in Western Australia have been dated to 48 kya and artifacts at Madjedbebe in Northern Territory are dated to at least 50 kya, and to 62.1 ± 2.9 ka in one 2017 study.
Many New Zealand species may have been heading for slow extinction after Polynesian settlement. [2] The extinction of the mega fauna (moa) seems to have occurred quickly, within 100 years. [43] The first settlers came to New Zealand from tropical Polynesia and adapted to a temperate environment while preserving many of their old practices.
Fossils found at Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, suggest that 110 million years ago Australia supported a number of different monotremes, but did not support any marsupials. [4] Marsupials appear to have evolved during the Cretaceous in the contemporary northern hemisphere, to judge from a 100-million-year-old marsupial fossil, Kokopellia ...
Sahul (/ s ə ˈ h uː l /), also called Sahul-land, Meganesia, Papualand and Greater Australia, [1] was a paleocontinent that encompassed the modern-day landmasses of mainland Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea, and the Aru Islands.
The natural history of New Zealand began when the landmass Zealandia – today an almost entirely submerged mass of continental crust with New Zealand and a few other islands peaking above sea level – broke away from the supercontinent Gondwana in the Cretaceous period. Before this time, Zealandia shared its past with Australia and Antarctica.
Australian archaeology is a large sub-field in the discipline of archaeology.Archaeology in Australia takes four main forms: Aboriginal archaeology (the archaeology of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia before and after European settlement), historical archaeology (the archaeology of Australia after European settlement), maritime archaeology and the archaeology of the ...