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Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
Encephaloceles are often accompanied by craniofacial abnormalities or other brain malformations. Symptoms may include neurologic problems, hydrocephalus (cerebrospinal fluid accumulated in the brain), spastic quadriplegia (paralysis of the limbs), microcephaly (an abnormally small head), ataxia (uncoordinated muscle movement), developmental delay, vision problems, mental and growth retardation ...
1.2.6 ICHD 10, ICD10 G44.882 ... Headache attributed to increased intracranial pressure or hydrocephalus caused by neoplasm ... Head or facial pain attributed to ...
Hydrocephalus can also be caused by overproduction of CSF (relative obstruction) (e.g., choroid plexus papilloma, villous hypertrophy). [18] [19] Bilateral ureteric obstruction is a rare, but reported, cause of hydrocephalus. Diagram showing CSF flow and neuroanatomy. Hydrocephalus can be classified as primary or secondary (acquired) based on ...
Iniencephaly is a rare neural tube defect that results in extreme bending of the head to the spine. The diagnosis can usually be made on antenatal ultrasound scanning, but if not will undoubtedly be made immediately after birth because the head is bent backwards and the face looks upwards. Usually the neck is absent.
Lateral meningocele syndrome, also known as Lehman syndrome, [2] is a very rare skeletal disorder with facial anomalies, hypotonia, and meningocele-related neurologic dysfunction. [3]
10: Sparrow DB et al. 2008: 1: Caucasian Mediterranean child with hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele, shortened thorax, ectopic and stenotic anus, and talipes associated with SCDO-4 11: Çetinkaya M et al. 2008: 1: Male child born at 40 weeks of gestation with lumbosacral myelomeningocele. 12: Kansal R et al. 2011: 1
[5] [11] DWM is the cause of around 4.3% of cases of congenital hydrocephalus [14] and 2.5% of all cases of hydrocephalus. [ 6 ] A 2017 review found that most patients (65%) were diagnosed with either "Dandy–Walker malformation" or "Dandy–Walker syndrome", while 20% were diagnosed with "Dandy–Walker variant" and 1.1% with "mega cisterna ...