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At the start of the thermodynamic cycle the refrigerant enters the compressor as a low pressure and low temperature vapor. In heat pumps, this refrigerant is typically R32 refrigerant or R290 refrigerant. Then the pressure is increased and the refrigerant leaves as a higher temperature and higher pressure superheated gas.
A representative pressure–volume diagram for a refrigeration cycle. Vapour-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), [1] in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air conditioning of buildings and automobiles.
Because of its reduced global warming potential (GWP), R-454B is intended to be an alternative to refrigerant R-410A in new equipment. [2] [3] [4] R-454B has a GWP of 466, which is 78 percent lower than R-410A's GWP of 2088. [2] R-454B is non-toxic and mildly flammable, with an ASHRAE safety classification of A2L. In the United States, it is ...
] HFC refrigerants still dominate the market. Recent government mandates have seen the phase-out of R-22 refrigerant. Replacements such as R-32 and R-410A are being promoted as environmentally friendly but still have a high GWP. [89] A heat pump typically uses 3 kg of refrigerant.
This is a list of refrigerants, sorted by their ASHRAE-designated numbers, commonly known as R numbers. Many modern refrigerants are human-made halogenated gases, ...
The liquid–liquid critical point of a solution, which occurs at the critical solution temperature, occurs at the limit of the two-phase region of the phase diagram. In other words, it is the point at which an infinitesimal change in some thermodynamic variable (such as temperature or pressure) leads to separation of the mixture into two ...
A two-cycle cascade refrigeration process schematic diagram. A cascade refrigeration cycle is a multi-stage thermodynamic cycle. An example two-stage process is shown at right. (Bottom on mobile) The cascade cycle is often employed for devices such as ULT freezers. [1]
The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work (energy) required.