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  2. Password cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_cracking

    A common approach (brute-force attack) is to repeatedly try guesses for the password and to check them against an available cryptographic hash of the password. [2] Another type of approach is password spraying, which is often automated and occurs slowly over time in order to remain undetected, using a list of common passwords. [3]

  3. Wi-Fi deauthentication attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_deauthentication_attack

    In order to mount a brute-force or dictionary based WPA password cracking attack on a Wi‑Fi user with WPA or WPA2 enabled, a hacker must first sniff the WPA 4-way handshake. The user can be elicited to provide this sequence by first forcing them offline with the deauthentication attack.

  4. Brute-force attack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute-force_attack

    When password-guessing, this method is very fast when used to check all short passwords, but for longer passwords other methods such as the dictionary attack are used because a brute-force search takes too long. Longer passwords, passphrases and keys have more possible values, making them exponentially more difficult to crack than shorter ones ...

  5. Aircrack-ng - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircrack-ng

    Aircrack-ng is a network software suite consisting of a detector, packet sniffer, WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK cracker and analysis tool for 802.11 wireless LANs.It works with any wireless network interface controller whose driver supports raw monitoring mode and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g traffic.

  6. Network encryption cracking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_encryption_cracking

    After enough packets have been collected, the program can then compute the key for the wireless network. As the software makes use of brute-force attack however, cracking the encryption can take between a few hours to several days, based on the activity on the network.

  7. John the Ripper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Ripper

    One of the modes John can use is the dictionary attack. [6] It takes text string samples (usually from a file, called a wordlist, containing words found in a dictionary or real passwords cracked before), encrypting it in the same format as the password being examined (including both the encryption algorithm and key), and comparing the output to the encrypted string.

  8. Key stretching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_stretching

    In cryptography, key stretching techniques are used to make a possibly weak key, typically a password or passphrase, more secure against a brute-force attack by increasing the resources (time and possibly space) it takes to test each possible key.

  9. PBKDF2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2

    The PBKDF2 key derivation function has five input parameters: [9] DK = PBKDF2(PRF, Password, Salt, c, dkLen) where: PRF is a pseudorandom function of two parameters with output length hLen (e.g., a keyed HMAC)