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A decrease in muscle mass may be accompanied by a smaller number and size of the muscle cells as well as lower protein content. [89] Human spaceflight, involving prolonged periods of immobilization and weightlessness is known to result in muscle weakening and atrophy resulting in a loss of as much as 30% of mass in some muscles.
All bones possess larger or smaller foramina (openings) for the entrance of blood-vessels; these are known as the nutrient foramina, and are particularly large in the shafts of the larger long bones, where they lead into a nutrient canal, which extends into the medullary cavity. The nutrient canal (foramen) is directed away from the growing end ...
In anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip and the knee.Anatomically, it is part of the lower limb. [1]The single bone in the thigh is called the femur.This bone is very thick and strong (due to the high proportion of bone tissue), and forms a ball and socket joint at the hip, and a modified hinge joint at the knee.
Diagram of a typical long bone showing both cortical (compact) and cancellous (spongy) bone. Haversian canals [i] (sometimes canals of Havers, osteonic canals or central canals) are a series of microscopic tubes in the outermost region of bone called cortical bone. They allow blood vessels and nerves to travel through them to supply the osteocytes.
The major bones of the leg are the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and adjacent fibula, and these are all long bones. The patella (kneecap) is the sesamoid bone in front of the knee . Most of the leg skeleton has bony prominences and margins that can be palpated and some serve as anatomical landmarks that define the extent of the leg.
The number of bones varies according to the method used to derive the count. While some consider certain structures to be a single bone with multiple parts, others may see it as a single part with multiple bones. [5] There are five general classifications of bones. These are long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.
This fact is very important clinically as a fracture of the shaft of the bone here can cause lesions or even transections in the nerve. Other nerves passing through give no supply to the arm. These include: The median nerve, nerve origin C5-T1, which is a branch of the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus. This nerve continues in the ...
Myoglobin is a sensitive marker for muscle injury, making it a potential marker for heart attack in patients with chest pain. [33] However, elevated myoglobin has low specificity for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and thus CK-MB , cardiac troponin , ECG , and clinical signs should be taken into account to make the diagnosis.