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Because the active runway is chosen to meet the wind at the nearest angle (with take-offs and landings upwind), the pattern orientation also depends on wind direction. Patterns are typically rectangular in basic shape, and include the runway along one long side of the rectangle. Each leg of the pattern has a particular name: [3] Upwind leg. A ...
On dry runways, upon touchdown the airplane tracks towards the upwind edge of the runway while de-crabbing to align with the runway. Immediate upwind aileron is needed to ensure the wings remain level while rudder is needed to track center line. The greater the amount of crab at touchdown, the larger the lateral deviation from the point of ...
During takeoff and landing, an aircraft's wake sinks toward the ground and moves laterally away from the runway when the wind is calm. A three-to-five-knot (3–6 mph; 6–9 km/h) crosswind will tend to keep the upwind side of the wake in the runway area and may cause the downwind side to drift toward another runway. Since the wingtip vortices ...
This point of sail lets the sailing craft travel upwind, diagonally to the wind direction. [4] The smaller the angle between the direction of the true wind and the course of the sailing craft, the higher the craft is said to point. A craft that can point higher or sail faster upwind is said to be more weatherly. [11]
In addition to the sails used upwind, spinnakers provide area and curvature appropriate for sailing with separated flow on downwind points of sail. [ 35 ] Polar diagrams, showing lift ( L ), drag ( D ), total aerodynamic force ( F T ), forward driving force ( F R ), and lateral force ( F LAT ) for downwind points of sail
Pilots can use a use a crosswind component chart to calculate the headwind component and the crosswind component. The red line in this image indicates a 30° angular difference at a 25-knot wind velocity. The headwind is about 22 knots, and the crosswind is about 13 knots. [1]
By Steven Scheer. JERUSALEM (Reuters) -U.S.-Israeli cloud security provider Upwind said on Monday it had raised $100 million in a private funding round to help it meet growing demand, as companies ...
Velocity made good, or VMG, is a term used in sailing, especially in yacht racing, indicating the speed of a sailboat towards (or from) the direction of the wind. [1] [2] The concept is useful because a sailboat cannot sail directly upwind, and thus often can not, or should not, sail directly to a mark to reach it as quickly as possible.