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  2. Liquid rocket propellant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_rocket_propellant

    As of January 2024, two methane-fueled rockets have reached orbit. Several others are in development and two orbital launch attempts failed: Zhuque-2 successfully reached orbit on its second flight on 12 July 2023, becoming the first methane-fueled rocket to do so. [25] It had failed to reach orbit on its maiden flight on 14 December 2022.

  3. Rocket propellant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_propellant

    Rocket stages that fly through the atmosphere usually use lower performing, high molecular mass, high-density propellants due to the smaller and lighter tankage required. Upper stages, which mostly or only operate in the vacuum of space, tend to use the high energy, high performance, low density liquid hydrogen fuel.

  4. Liquid-propellant rocket - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-propellant_rocket

    Bipropellant liquid rockets use a liquid fuel such as liquid hydrogen or RP-1, and a liquid oxidizer such as liquid oxygen. The engine may be a cryogenic rocket engine , where the fuel and oxidizer, such as hydrogen and oxygen, are gases which have been liquefied at very low temperatures.

  5. RP-1 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RP-1

    Furthermore, these balances in efficiency-vs-power makes methane more suitable for a single-fuel rocket, which have proven more economical than dual-fuel rockets (due to less complexity). As such, methalox has made a resurgence in popularity in 21st century rockets, at the expense of kerolox (better efficiency) and hydrolox (better handling).

  6. Comparison of orbital rocket engines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital...

    Engine Origin Designer Vehicle Status Use Propellant Power cycle Specific impulse (s) [a] Thrust (N) [a] Chamber pressure (bar) Mass (kg) Thrust: weight ratio [b] Oxidiser: fuel ratio

  7. Cryogenic fuel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_fuel

    Cryogenic fuels are fuels that require storage at extremely low temperatures in order to maintain them in a liquid state. These fuels are used in machinery that operates in space (e.g. rockets and satellites) where ordinary fuel cannot be used, due to the very low temperatures often encountered in space, and the absence of an environment that supports combustion (on Earth, oxygen is abundant ...

  8. Orbital propellant depot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_propellant_depot

    For rockets and space vehicles, propellants usually take up 2/3 or more of their total mass. Large upper-stage rocket engines generally use a cryogenic fuel like liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen (LOX) as an oxidizer because of the large specific impulse possible, but must carefully consider a problem called "boil off," or the evaporation of the cryogenic propellant.

  9. Cryogenic rocket engine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryogenic_rocket_engine

    RL-10 is an early example of cryogenic rocket engine.. Rocket engines need high mass flow rates of both oxidizer and fuel to generate useful thrust. Oxygen, the simplest and most common oxidizer, is in the gas phase at standard temperature and pressure, as is hydrogen, the simplest fuel.