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Bipropellant liquid rockets use a liquid fuel such as liquid hydrogen or RP-1, and a liquid oxidizer such as liquid oxygen. The engine may be a cryogenic rocket engine , where the fuel and oxidizer, such as hydrogen and oxygen, are gases which have been liquefied at very low temperatures.
In most rocket engines fueled by liquid hydrogen, it first cools the nozzle and other parts before being mixed with the oxidizer, usually liquid oxygen, and burned to produce water with traces of ozone and hydrogen peroxide. Practical H 2 –O 2 rocket engines run fuel-rich so that the exhaust contains some unburned hydrogen. This reduces ...
The major manufacturer of German rocket engines for military use, the HWK firm, [8] manufactured the RLM-numbered 109-500-designation series of rocket engine systems, and either used hydrogen peroxide as a monopropellant for Starthilfe rocket-propulsive assisted takeoff needs; [9] or as a form of thrust for MCLOS-guided air-sea glide bombs; [10 ...
The RS-68 (Rocket System-68) was a liquid-fuel rocket engine that used liquid hydrogen (LH 2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) as propellants in a gas-generator cycle. It was the largest hydrogen-fueled rocket engine ever flown. [3] Designed and manufactured in the United States by Rocketdyne (later Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne and Aerojet Rocketdyne).
These cryogenic temperatures vary depending on the propellant, with liquid oxygen existing below −183 °C (−297.4 °F; 90.1 K) and liquid hydrogen below −253 °C (−423.4 °F; 20.1 K). Since one or more of the propellants is in the liquid phase, all cryogenic rocket engines are by definition liquid-propellant rocket engines. [2]
Investigation of the starting characteristics of the M-1 rocket engine using the analog computer; Analysis of the M-1 liquid hydrogen turbopump shaft critical whirling speed and bearing loads; Cold-air performance evaluation of scale model oxidizer pump-drive turbine for the M-1 hydrogen-oxygen rocket engine. I - Inlet feedpipe-manifold assembly
The RL10 is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine built in the United States by Aerojet Rocketdyne that burns cryogenic liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants. Modern versions produce up to 110 kN (24,729 lb f) of thrust per engine in vacuum. RL10 versions were produced for the Centaur upper stage of the Atlas V and the DCSS of the Delta IV
The J-2, commonly known as Rocketdyne J-2, was a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine used on NASA's Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles. Built in the United States by Rocketdyne, the J-2 burned cryogenic liquid hydrogen (LH 2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants, with each engine producing 1,033.1 kN (232,250 lb f) of thrust in vacuum.