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  2. Attenuation coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation_coefficient

    The attenuation coefficient of a volume, denoted μ, is defined as [6] =, where Φ e is the radiant flux;; z is the path length of the beam.; Note that for an attenuation coefficient which does not vary with z, this equation is solved along a line from =0 to as:

  3. Attenuation length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation_length

    In physics, the attenuation length or absorption length is the distance λ into a material when the probability has dropped to 1/e that a particle has not been absorbed. Alternatively, if there is a beam of particles incident on the material, the attenuation length is the distance where the intensity of the beam has dropped to 1/ e , or about ...

  4. Mathematical descriptions of opacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions...

    An electromagnetic wave propagating in the +z-direction is conventionally described by the equation: (,) = ⁡ [()], where E 0 is a vector in the x-y plane, with the units of an electric field (the vector is in general a complex vector, to allow for all possible polarizations and phases);

  5. Schwarzschild's equation for radiative transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild's_equation...

    The quantity nσ λ is known as the absorption coefficient (β a), a measure of attenuation with units of [cm −1]. The absorption coefficient is fundamentally the product of a quantity of absorbers per unit volume, [cm −3 ], times an efficiency of absorption (area/absorber, [cm 2 ]).

  6. Attenuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation

    The attenuation in the signal of ground motion intensity plays an important role in the assessment of possible strong groundshaking. A seismic wave loses energy as it propagates through the earth (seismic attenuation). This phenomenon is tied into the dispersion of the seismic energy with the distance. There are two types of dissipated energy:

  7. Molar absorption coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_absorption_coefficient

    In chemistry, the molar absorption coefficient or molar attenuation coefficient (ε) [1] is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species absorbs, and thereby attenuates, light at a given wavelength. It is an intrinsic property of the species.

  8. Propagation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_constant

    Attenuation constant can be defined by the amplitude ratio | A 0 A x | = e α x {\displaystyle \left|{\frac {A_{0}}{A_{x}}}\right|=e^{\alpha x}} The propagation constant per unit length is defined as the natural logarithm of the ratio of the sending end current or voltage to the receiving end current or voltage, divided by the distance x involved:

  9. Stokes's law of sound attenuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes's_law_of_sound...

    In acoustics, Stokes's law of sound attenuation is a formula for the attenuation of sound in a Newtonian fluid, such as water or air, due to the fluid's viscosity.It states that the amplitude of a plane wave decreases exponentially with distance traveled, at a rate α given by = where η is the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the fluid, ω is the sound's angular frequency, ρ is the fluid ...