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The clock rate of a CPU is normally determined by the frequency of an oscillator crystal. Typically a crystal oscillator produces a fixed sine wave —the frequency reference signal. Electronic circuitry translates that into a square wave at the same frequency for digital electronics applications (or, when using a CPU multiplier , some fixed ...
CPU time (or process time) is the amount of time that a central processing unit (CPU) was used for processing instructions of a computer program or operating system. CPU time is measured in clock ticks or seconds. Sometimes it is useful to convert CPU time into a percentage of the CPU capacity, giving the CPU usage.
Processor / System Dhrystone MIPS or MIPS, and frequency D instructions per clock cycle D instructions per clock cycle per core Year Source LINKS-1 Computer Graphics System (257-processor) 642.5 MIPS at 10 MHz: 2.5: 0.25: 1982 [98] Sega System 16 (4-processor) 16.33 MIPS at 10 MHz: 4.083: 1.020: 1985 [99] Namco System 21 (10-processor) 73.927 ...
The number of instructions per second is an approximate indicator of the likely performance of the processor. The number of instructions executed per clock is not a constant for a given processor; it depends on how the particular software being run interacts with the processor, and indeed the entire machine, particularly the memory hierarchy.
An often-quoted definition of the term is "the number of million times per second a processor can do absolutely nothing". [ 2 ] [ 3 ] BogoMips is a value that can be used to verify whether the processor in question is in the proper range of similar processors, i.e. BogoMips represents a processor's clock frequency as well as the potentially ...
In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI) is one aspect of a processor's performance: the average number of clock cycles per instruction for a program or program fragment. [1] It is the multiplicative inverse of instructions per cycle.
The frequency of the clock pulses determines the rate at which a CPU executes instructions and, consequently, the faster the clock, the more instructions the CPU will execute each second. To ensure proper operation of the CPU, the clock period is longer than the maximum time needed for all signals to propagate (move) through the CPU.
A common desktop CPU speed as of 2014 5.8 GHz: Electromagnetic – cordless telephone frequency introduced in 2003 10 10: 10 GHz: 3 GHz to 30 GHz: Electromagnetic – super high frequency: 60 GHz: Electromagnetic – 60 GHz Wi-Fi (WiGig) introduced in 2010 10 11: 100 GHz 160.2 GHz: Electromagnetic – peak of cosmic microwave background radiation