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  2. Arthur Samuel (computer scientist) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Samuel_(computer...

    Arthur Lee Samuel (December 5, 1901 – July 29, 1990) [3] was an American pioneer in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence. [2] He popularized the term " machine learning " in 1959. [ 4 ]

  3. Temporal difference learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_difference_learning

    TD-Lambda is a learning algorithm invented by Richard S. Sutton based on earlier work on temporal difference learning by Arthur Samuel. [11] This algorithm was famously applied by Gerald Tesauro to create TD-Gammon, a program that learned to play the game of backgammon at the level of expert human players.

  4. Outline of machine learning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_machine_learning

    In 1959, Arthur Samuel defined machine learning as a "field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed". [2] ML involves the study and construction of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions on data . [ 3 ]

  5. Dartmouth workshop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dartmouth_workshop

    It was not a directed group research project; discussions covered many topics, but several directions are considered to have been initiated or encouraged by the Workshop: the rise of symbolic methods, systems focused on limited domains (early expert systems), and deductive systems versus inductive systems. One participant, Arthur Samuel, said ...

  6. History of artificial intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_artificial...

    Arthur Samuel's checkers program, the subject of his 1959 paper "Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers", eventually achieved sufficient skill to challenge a respectable amateur. [71] Samuel's program was among the first uses of what would later be called machine learning. [72]

  7. Quizlet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quizlet

    [6] [7] [8] Quizlet's blog, written mostly by Andrew in the earlier days of the company, claims it had reached 50,000 registered users in 252 days online. [9] In the following two years, Quizlet reached its 1,000,000th registered user. [10] Until 2011, Quizlet shared staff and financial resources with the Collectors Weekly website. [11]

  8. Arthur Samuel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Samuel

    Arthur Samuel may refer to: Arthur Samuel (computer scientist) (1901–1990), American computer scientist; Arthur Samuel, 1st Baron Mancroft (1872–1942), British politician; Arthur Samuel "Tubby" Allen (1894–1959), Australian Army general and accountant; Arthur Samuel Atkinson (1833–1902), New Zealand politician and lawyer; Arthur Samuel ...

  9. Logic Theorist - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_Theorist

    Logic Theorist is a computer program written in 1956 by Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon, and Cliff Shaw. [1] It was the first program deliberately engineered to perform automated reasoning, and has been described as "the first artificial intelligence program".

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