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Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is often performed if endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) is unsuccessful for biliary obstructions due to hepatocellular carcinoma. ERBD is the first line treatment because of its low bleeding risk.
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC): Examination of liver and bile ducts by x-rays. This is accomplished by the insertion of a thin needle into the liver carrying a contrast medium to help to see blockage in liver and bile ducts. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Although this is a form of imaging, it is both ...
The biliary tree (see below) is the whole network of various sized ducts branching through the liver.. The path is as follows: bile canaliculi → canals of Hering → interlobular bile ducts → intrahepatic bile ducts → left and right hepatic ducts merge to form → common hepatic duct exits liver and joins → cystic duct (from gall bladder) forming → common bile duct → joins with ...
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems. It is primarily performed by highly skilled and specialty trained gastroenterologists.
Cholecystostomy or (cholecystotomy) is a medical procedure used to drain the gallbladder through either a percutaneous or endoscopic approach. The procedure involves creating a stoma in the gallbladder, which can facilitate placement of a tube or stent for drainage , first performed by American surgeon, Dr. John Stough Bobbs , in 1867.
Cholestasis is a condition where the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum is impaired. [1] The two basic distinctions are: [1] obstructive type of cholestasis, where there is a mechanical blockage in the duct system that can occur from a gallstone or malignancy, and
However, the principal objective ought to be the complete elimination of stones and the eradication of biliary stasis and infection. [5] Hepatolithiasis non-surgical treatment options include percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy lithotripsy , as well as hepatectomy as part of surgical management.
It also has better endoscopic access to the biliary tree and more physiologic bile drainage. [8] CDD is used in the treatment of biliary obstruction caused by various factors shown below or when alternative treatment options were not accessible. Other less common indications include operative injuries, or chronic dilation of the CBD. [6]