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Lactose intolerance is caused by a lessened ability or a complete inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. [1] Humans vary in the amount of lactose they can tolerate before symptoms develop. [1] Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, flatulence, and nausea. [1]
While nearly all humans can normally digest lactose for the first 5 to 7 years of their lives, [71] most mammals stop producing lactase much earlier. Cattle can be weaned from their mothers' milk at 6 months to a year of age. [73] Lambs are regularly weaned around 16 weeks old. [74]
This is an autosomal recessive disorder and infants that can’t break down lactose have trouble with breastmilk, and develop diarrhea starting from birth. Sometimes, even those with lactase-persistence can develop temporary lactose intolerance as a result of infection or inflammation in the small intestine.
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Lactose intolerance generally develops later in life, but can present in young patients in severe cases. It is not an immune reaction and is due to an enzyme deficiency ( lactase ). It is more common in many non-Western people.
Lactase produced commercially can be extracted both from yeasts such as Kluyveromyces fragilis and Kluyveromyces lactis and from molds, such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. [7] Its primary commercial use in supplements is to break down lactose in milk to make it suitable for people with lactose intolerance.
Milk allergy is distinct from lactose intolerance, which is a nonallergic food sensitivity caused by the lack of the enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose. The unabsorbed lactose reaches the large intestine, where resident bacteria use it for fuel, releasing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane ...
Pharmacological responses to naturally occurring compounds in food, or chemical intolerance, can occur in individuals from both allergic and non-allergic family backgrounds. Symptoms may begin at any age, and may develop quickly or slowly. Triggers may range from a viral infection or illness to environmental chemical exposure.