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A 2016 review found "The nicotine contained in the aerosol from 13 puffs of an e-cigarette in which the nicotine concentration of the liquid is 18 mg per milliliter has been estimated to be similar to the amount in the smoke of a typical tobacco cigarette, which contains approximately 0.5 mg of nicotine."
In essence, dilution involved the creation of a flavourless nicotine-containing e-liquid at a maximum or close to maximum nicotine strength, such as 20 mg, in the maximum capacity bottle size of 10ml to be mixed with a larger bottle of flavoured 0 mg e-liquid in order to create an overall e-liquid concentration that was aligned with the most ...
Although some e-liquid is nicotine-free, surveys demonstrate that 97% of respondents use products that contain nicotine. [45] About 3.5% of users use liquid without nicotine. [138] An e-cigarette user used approximately three flavors. [134] A 2016 study showed that measurable amounts of arsenic, nickel and other metals were in e-liquids. [139]
As well as nicotine, e-cigarette liquid and vapour can contain toxic substances, although these are either at lower levels than seen in cigarette smoke or at levels not associated with health risk. The current best estimate is that e-cigarette use carries only around 5% of the risk of smoking.
Thousands of kids a year are exposed to liquid nicotine found in vapes. Calls to poison control centers hit an all-time high in 2022. Child nicotine poisonings rise as e-cig sales surge
The nicotine in e-liquid can be hazardous to infants. [162] Even a portion of e-liquid may be lethal to a little child. [163] An excessive amount of nicotine for a child that is capable of being fatal is 0.1–0.2 mg/kg of body weight. [70]
Fruit flavored e-liquid is the most commonly marketed e-liquid flavor on social media. [ 353 ] E-cigarette companies commonly promote that their products contain only water, nicotine, glycerin, propylene glycol, and flavoring but this assertion is misleading as researchers have found differing amounts of heavy metals in the vapor, including ...
Nicotine is unusual in comparison to most drugs, as its profile changes from stimulant to sedative with increasing dosages, a phenomenon known as "Nesbitt's paradox" after the doctor who first described it in 1969. [137] [138] At very high doses it dampens neuronal activity. [139] Nicotine induces both behavioral stimulation and anxiety in ...