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The main symptom is usually severe central chest pain. Other symptoms include laboured breathing, voice distortion (as with helium) and subcutaneous emphysema, specifically affecting the face, neck, and chest. [4] Pneumomediastinum can also be characterized by the shortness of breath that is typical of a respiratory system problem.
Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
Hamman's syndrome, also known as Macklin's syndrome, is a syndrome of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema [1] (air in the subcutaneous tissues of the skin) and pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum, the center of the chest cavity), sometimes associated with pain and, less commonly, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), dysphonia, and a low-grade fever.
Air in subcutaneous tissue does not usually pose a lethal threat; [4] small amounts of air are reabsorbed by the body. [8] Once the pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum that causes the subcutaneous emphysema is resolved, with or without medical intervention, the subcutaneous emphysema will usually clear. [18]
Hamman's crunch is caused by pneumomediastinum or pneumopericardium, and is associated with tracheobronchial injury [6] due to trauma, medical procedures (e.g., bronchoscopy) or rupture of a proximal pulmonary bleb. It can be seen with Boerhaave syndrome.
Pneumoperitoneum (or peritoneal emphysema), air or gas in the abdominal cavity. The most common cause is a perforated abdominal viscus, generally a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma. Pneumatosis intestinalis, air or gas cysts in the bowel wall; Gastric ...
Air can also be trapped in the mediastinum, the center of the chest cavity (pneumomediastinum). [4] If air escapes from a penetrating injury to the neck, a definite diagnosis of TBI can be made. [10] Hamman's sign, a sound of crackling that occurs in time with the heartbeat, may also accompany TBI. [14]
Abdominal distension occurs when substances, such as air (gas) or fluid, accumulate in the abdomen causing its expansion. [1] It is typically a symptom of an underlying disease or dysfunction in the body, rather than an illness in its own right. People with this condition often describe it as "feeling bloated".