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Unit cell definition using parallelepiped with lengths a, b, c and angles between the sides given by α, β, γ [1]. A lattice constant or lattice parameter is one of the physical dimensions and angles that determine the geometry of the unit cells in a crystal lattice, and is proportional to the distance between atoms in the crystal.
An example of a continuum theory that is widely studied by lattice models is the QCD lattice model, a discretization of quantum chromodynamics. However, digital physics considers nature fundamentally discrete at the Planck scale, which imposes upper limit to the density of information , aka Holographic principle .
The lengths of principal axes/edges, of unit cell and angles between them are lattice constants, also called lattice parameters or cell parameters. The symmetry properties of crystal are described by the concept of space groups. [1] All possible symmetric arrangements of particles in three-dimensional space may be described by 230 space groups.
Here, a A (1-x) B x is the lattice parameter of the solid solution, a A and a B are the lattice parameters of the pure constituents, and x is the molar fraction of B in the solid solution. Vegard's law is seldom perfectly obeyed; often deviations from the linear behavior are observed. A detailed study of such deviations was conducted by King. [3]
The Hubbard model is based on the tight-binding approximation from solid-state physics, which describes particles moving in a periodic potential, typically referred to as a lattice. For real materials, each lattice site might correspond with an ionic core, and the particles would be the valence electrons of these ions.
Assuming the spacing between two ions is a, the potential in the lattice will look something like this: The mathematical representation of the potential is a periodic function with a period a. According to Bloch's theorem, [1] the wavefunction solution of the Schrödinger equation when the potential is periodic, can be written as:
The Bose–Hubbard model gives a description of the physics of interacting spinless bosons on a lattice.It is closely related to the Hubbard model that originated in solid-state physics as an approximate description of superconducting systems and the motion of electrons between the atoms of a crystalline solid.
Laue equation. In crystallography and solid state physics, the Laue equations relate incoming waves to outgoing waves in the process of elastic scattering, where the photon energy or light temporal frequency does not change upon scattering by a crystal lattice.