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Some cars use these systems to improve the vehicle's handling by lowering the vehicle's height during higher speeds – a current example being the Mercedes-Benz Active Body Control system. [4] Another example is the Audi A8, which when driven at speeds of more than 120 km/h for more than 30 seconds reduces its clearance from 120 mm to 95 mm. [5]
Later models would use electronic height sensors and motors so adjustment could be achieved with the engine off. This system allowed the suspension to achieve an unusually soft ride quality. [7] Since then, millions of fairly inexpensive Citroën cars have been equipped with self-levelling as an unobtrusive, but integral design feature.
Otherwise, these cars proved to be reliable throughout their career. In 1923 and 1936, the High-V fleet was being converted to multiple-unit door control, with the exception of all 50 of the Deck Roofs and some Gibbs and Hedley cars. The Deck Roofs were often placed at either end of the train so that ten car trains of High-Vs could run. [3] [4]
Ride height or ground clearance is the amount of space between the base of an automobile tire and the lowest point of the automobile, typically the bottom exterior of the differential housing (even though the lower shock mounting point may be lower); or, more properly, to the shortest distance between a flat, level surface, and the lowest part ...
Geometric roll center is solely dictated by the suspension geometry, and can be found using principles of the instant center of rotation.; Force based roll center, according to the US Society of Automotive Engineers, is "The point in the transverse vertical plane through any pair of wheel centers at which lateral forces may be applied to the sprung mass without producing suspension roll".
The following Jaguar cars were fitted with the first generation IRS as part of their original specification. The second column indicates the vehicle's approximate rear track, according to whether the narrow, medium, or wide version of the suspension assembly was used. [2] [7]
On some cars, not all of these can be adjusted on every wheel. These three parameters can be further categorized into front and rear (with no caster on the rear, typically not being steered wheels). In summary, the parameters are: Front: Caster (left & right) Front: Camber (left & right) Front: Toe (left, right & total) Rear: Camber (left & right)
As with the location of other automotive design "hard points," the H-point has major ramifications in the overall vehicle design, including roof height, aerodynamics, handling (especially at highway speeds), visibility (both within the vehicle and from the vehicle into traffic), seating comfort, [4] driver fatigue, ease of entry and exit, [4 ...