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Definite descriptions are phrases of the form "the X" where X represents a noun phrase. The description is said to be proper when the phrase applies to exactly one object, and conversely, it is said to be improper when either there exist more than one potential referents, as in "the senator from Ohio", or none at all, as in "the king of France ...
In Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 14 U.S. 304 (1816), and Cohens v. Virginia, 19 U.S. 264 (1821), the Supreme Court held that the Supremacy Clause and the judicial power granted in Article III give the Supreme Court the ultimate power to review state court decisions involving issues arising under the Constitution and laws of the United States ...
Basic Inc. v. Levinson, 485 U.S. 224 (1988), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States articulated the "fraud-on-the-market theory" as giving rise to a rebuttable presumption of reliance in securities fraud cases.
In the US Supreme Court Chung Fook v. White (1924) marked the beginning of the looser American Rule that the intent of the law was more important than its text. This is sometimes termed the soft plain meaning rule , where the statute is interpreted according to the ordinary meaning of the language, unless the result would be cruel or absurd.
Imbler v. Pachtman , 424 U.S. 409 (1976), was a United States Supreme Court case in which district attorneys or prosecutors were found to have full immunity from civil suits resulting from their government duties.
Loving v. Virginia , 388 U.S. 1 (1967), was a landmark civil rights decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that ruled that laws banning interracial marriage violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution .
Vi coactus (V.C.) is a Latin term meaning "having been forced" or "having been compelled". In Latin, cōgō means "I compel" or "I force". The passive participle of cōgō is coāctus, meaning "having been forced" or "having been compelled" or "coerced" . [1] "Vi coactus" or "V.C." is used with a signature to indicate that the signer was under ...
Paul v. Virginia , 75 U.S. (8 Wall.) 168 (1869), is a U.S. corporate law decision by the United States Supreme Court . It held that a corporation is not a citizen within the meaning of the Privileges and Immunities Clause .