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Isis, another maternal goddess, was traditionally depicted with a throne on her head. However, during the Old Kingdom period, she was portrayed with cow horns framing a sun disk, specifically in the Pyramid Texts. The ram, symbolizing fertility and war, was revered with such gods as Heryshaf in Heracleopolis and Khnum in Elephantine and Esna.
The Egyptian gods Khnum (Upper Egypt, shown here) were usually depicted with the head of a spiral-horned ram. Mendes is the Greek name for the ancient Egyptian city of Djedet. Lévi equates his image with "The Goat of Mendes", possibly following the account by Herodotus [ 60 ] that the god of Mendes was depicted with a goat's face and legs.
Jupiter Ammon, depicted in a terracotta fragment. A fossil ammonite, showing its horn-like spiral. Ammon, eventually Amon-Ra, was a deity in the Egyptian pantheon whose popularity grew over the years, until growing into a monotheistic religion in a way similar to the proposal that the Judeo-Christian-Islamic deity evolved out of the Ancient Semitic pantheon. [2]
Historically, the deity that was venerated at Egyptian Mendes was a ram deity Banebdjedet (literally Ba of the lord of djed, and titled "the Lord of Mendes"), who was the soul of Osiris. Lévi combined the images of the Tarot of Marseilles Devil card and refigured the ram Banebdjed as a he-goat, further imagined by him as "copulator in Anep and ...
With the pentagram inverted, matter is ruling over spirit, a condition associated with evil. In his book, de Guaita also illustrates an upright pentagram with the Pentagrammaton (יהשוה) at the vertices of the pentagram: an esoteric version of the Hebrew name of Jesus , Yeshua (ישוע), by adding the letter shin (ש) in the middle of the ...
Above the head are four ram heads and one or more leopards at the top. [7] The motifs on the community Ikenga tend to have complex head dress signifying collective ownership. The motifs also depict what the community is known for, for instance whether they are known as warriors, hunters, traders or predominantly farmers.
The custom's roots can be traced back to Rav Netronai Gaon. [2] It is prominently featured in the Maharil's book, which states: . Rabbi Jacob Moelin (Maharil) taught that it is a mitzvah to eat the head of a male ram on the night of Rosh Hashanah in remembrance of the Binding of Isaac, and so that we may be the head and not the tail.
Typically, the horned god Banebdjedet was depicted with four rams' heads to represent the four Bas of the sun god. He may also be linked to the first four gods to rule over Egypt (Osiris, Geb, Shu and Ra-Atum), with large granite shrines to each in the Mendes sanctuary.