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Mild to severe intellectual or developmental disability is present in the majority of patients. [7] Epilepsy is present in the majority of cases, with approximately 80-98% of patients affected by seizures. [8] Truncal hypotonia and clumsy or ataxic gait are typical. [5] Behavioral and sleep problems are also common.
Recurrent brief depression (RBD) defines a mental disorder characterized by intermittent depressive episodes, not related to menstrual cycles in women, occurring between approximately 6–12 times per year, over at least one year or more fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes (DSM-IV and ICD-10) except for duration in which RBD is less than 14 days (typically 5–7 ...
Depressed patients are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and suicide. Within the next twenty years depression is expected to become the second leading cause of disability worldwide and the leading cause in high-income nations, including the United States.
Syndromes are characterized into 4 groups based on epilepsy type: [1] a. Generalized onset epilepsy syndromes. These epilepsy syndromes have only generalized-onset seizures and include both the idiopathic generalized epilepsies (specifically childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and epilepsy with generalized tonic- clonic seizures alone), as well as ...
Epilepsy-intellectual disability in females also known as PCDH19 gene-related epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 9 (EIEE9), is a rare type of epilepsy that affects predominantly females and is characterized by clusters of brief seizures, which start in infancy or early childhood, and is occasionally accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive impairment.
Epidemiological studies and meta-analysis have shown higher rates of depression and anxiety in patients with FND compared to the general population, but rates are similar to patients with other neurological disorders such as epilepsy or Parkinson's disease. This is often the case because of years of misdiagnosis and accusations of malingering.
PSD has a reported incidence of 18% to 33%, though it is commonly underdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms between stroke and depression. [3] A comprehensive meta-analysis found that over half of stroke patients experience at least one episode of depression. [4] Various risk factors increase the likelihood of developing PSD, including: [3] [4 ...
Note: many adolescents and young adults may have CDD but were never tested since such tests were not available when they were infants. Therefore, epilepsy panels for CDD and other genes should be considered in such individuals. [8] A diagnostic ICD-10 code has been assigned to CDKL5 deficiency disorder: G40.42 (since 2020). [9]