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[45] [46] Arrhythmias are due to problems with the electrical conduction system of the heart. [43] Arrhythmias may occur in children; however, the normal range for the heart rate is different and depends on age. [45] A number of tests can help diagnose arrhythmia, including an electrocardiogram and Holter monitor. [47]
Ectopic beat is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, in which beats arise from fibers or group of fibers outside the region in the heart muscle ordinarily responsible for impulse formation (i.e., the sinoatrial node).
Arrhythmias such as asystole or bradycardia are more likely in children, in contrast to ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia as seen in adults. [ 30 ] Additional causes of sudden unexplained cardiac arrest in children include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery abnormalities. [ 161 ]
A cardiac stress test is a cardiological examination that evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to external stress within a controlled clinical setting. This stress response can be induced through physical exercise (usually a treadmill) or intravenous pharmacological stimulation of heart rate.
Rapid Interpretation of EKG's is a best-selling textbook for over 30 years [1] that teaches the basics of interpreting electrocardiograms. It adopts a simplistic fill-in-the-blank style [ 2 ] and is suited for medical students and junior residents. [ 1 ]
Scar and dying tissue is inexcitable, but around these areas usually lies a penumbra of hypoxic tissue that is excitable. Ventricular excitability may generate re-entry ventricular arrhythmia. [citation needed] Most myocardial cells with an associated increased propensity to arrhythmia development have an associated loss of membrane potential.
Sinus arrhythmia is a commonly encountered variation of normal sinus rhythm. Sinus arrhythmia characteristically presents with an irregular rate in which the variation in the R-R interval is more than 0.12 seconds (120 milliseconds).
Diagnose myocardial infarct via physical exam and EKG (plus blood test) A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is created by integrating the history of the presenting illness and physical examination with electrocardiogram findings and cardiac markers ( blood tests for heart muscle cell damage ).