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The five main classes in the Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic agents are: Class I agents interfere with the sodium (Na +) channel. Class II agents are anti-sympathetic nervous system agents. Most agents in this class are beta blockers. Class III agents affect potassium (K +) efflux. Class IV agents affect calcium channels and ...
Class of antihypertensives that work by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxygen demand from the heart. [1] Benazepril; Captopril; Enalapril; Fosinopril; Lisinopril; Moexipril; Perindopril; Quinapril; Ramipril; Trandolapril
Antiarrhythmics are broad class of drugs that are used treat heart rhythm irregularities. [16] Utilizing the Vaughan-Williams (VW) system, antiarrhymic drugs are classified into four main classes based on their mechanism of action. Class I antiarrhymics lead to blockage of sodium channels. Class II antiarrhymatics are beta-adrenoceptor blockers.
Verapamil is a class-IV antiarrhythmic and more effective than digoxin in controlling ventricular rate. [19] Verapamil is not listed as a first line antihypertensive agent by the guidelines provided by JAMA in JNC-8. [20] However, it may be used to treat hypertension if patient has co-morbid atrial fibrillation or other types of arrhythmia. [17 ...
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This contrasts with (ordinary) use dependence, where the efficacy of the drug is increased after repeated use of the tissue. Reverse use dependence is relevant for potassium channel blockers used as class III antiarrhythmics. Reverse use dependent drugs that slow heart rate (such as quinidine) can be less effective at high heart rates. [11]
Ibutilide is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that is indicated for acute cardioconversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter of a recent onset to sinus rhythm. It exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by induction of slow inward sodium current, which prolongs action potential and refractory period of myocardial cells. Because of its Class ...
It is a class IB antiarrhythmic which shorten the refractory period and action potential duration (APD). Decrease in APD more than that of ERP so there is increase ERP/APD ratio. [3] The drug has a bioavailability of 90%, and peak plasma concentrations are seen after 2–4 hours. [3] The mean drug half-life is approximately 11 hours. [3]