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Norman Ernest Borlaug (/ ˈ b ɔːr l ɔː ɡ /; March 25, 1914 – September 12, 2009) [2] was an American agronomist who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution.
A Japanese dwarf wheat cultivar Norin 10 developed by Japanese agronomist Gonjiro Inazuka, which was sent to Orville Vogel at Washington State University by Cecil Salmon, was instrumental in developing Green Revolution wheat cultivars. In the 1960s, with a food crisis in Asia, the spread of high-yielding variety rice greatly increased.
It played a significant part in the Green Revolution. IR8 was the eighth of 38 crossbred rice varieties in a 1962 experiment by IRRI. [ 1 ] It was a cross of Peta, a high yield rice variety from Indonesia , and Dee-geo-woo-gen (DGWG), a dwarf variety from Taiwan .
The most popular HYVs can be found among wheat, corn, soybean, rice, potato, and cotton. They are heavily used in commercial and plantation farms. The Green Revolution in the late 1960s (or generally, in the second half of the 20th century) [1] introduced farmers to cultivation of food crops using HYV seeds, although their ancestral roots may ...
Swaminathan was a global leader of the green revolution. [2] He has been called the main architect [a] of the green revolution in India for his leadership and role in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice. [5] [6]
This remarkable improvement was based on three essential crops. First came the development of hybrid maize, then high-yielding and input-responsive "semi-dwarf wheat" (for which the CIMMYT breeder N.E. Borlaug received the Nobel prize for peace in 1970), and third came high-yielding "short statured rice" cultivars. [9]
The first Green Revolution rice variety, IR8, was produced in 1966 at the International Rice Research Institute through a cross between an Indonesian variety named "Peta" and a Chinese variety named "Dee Geo Woo Gen". [94] Green Revolution varieties were bred to have short strong stems so that the rice would not lodge or fall over.
At present, as much as 50 percent of China's total number of rice paddies grow Yuan Longping's hybrid rice and these hybrid rice paddies yield 60 percent of the total rice production in China. [6] China's total rice output rose from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons in 2017. [ 15 ]