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Role strain or "role pressure" may arise when there is a conflict in the demands of roles, when an individual does not agree with the assessment of others concerning his or her performance in his or her role, or from accepting roles that are beyond an individual's capacity. Role making is defined by Graen as leader–member exchange.
The Pygmalion effect is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area and low expectations lead to worse performance. [1] It is named after the Greek myth of Pygmalion , the sculptor who fell so much in love with the perfectly beautiful statue he created that the statue came to life.
A study of the relationship between OCB, task performance, and career outcomes in outcome-based professional services gauged potential consequences of OCB engagement. [25] Time spent on task performance and OCB were positively related to performance evaluations, which in turn strongly determine promotion.
Work engagement is the "harnessing of organization member's selves to their work roles: in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, emotionally and mentally during role performances". [1]: 694 Three aspects of work motivation are cognitive, emotional and physical engagement. [2]
Job performance assesses whether a person performs a job well. Job performance, studied academically as part of industrial and organizational psychology, also forms a part of human resources management. Performance is an important criterion for organizational outcomes and success.
"Work-based learning (WBL) is an educational strategy that provides students with real-life work experiences where they can apply academic and technical skills and develop their employability." [ 1 ] It is a series of educational courses which integrate the school or university curriculum with the workplace to create a different learning paradigm.
Critics of the theory argue that performance expectations could be "epiphenomenal", and do not serve as a mediator. The meta-analysis finds support for the theory (i.e., status predicts expectations, and expectations predict behavior, but status has little effect on behavior beyond that which can be attributed to expectations).
Business performance management (BPM) (also known as corporate performance management (CPM) [2] enterprise performance management (EPM), [3] [4] organizational performance management, or performance management) is a management approach which encompasses a set of processes and analytical tools to ensure that an organization's activities and output are aligned with its goals.