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The scientific name Porifera is a neuter plural of the Modern Latin term porifer, which comes from the roots porus meaning "pore, opening", and -fer meaning "bearing or carrying". Overview Sponge biodiversity and morphotypes at the lip of a wall site in 60 feet (20 m) of water.
Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include greater than 90% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). [5] They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite.
Many authors have strongly doubted the hypothesis of sponge paraphyly, arguing that genetic studies have incomplete sampling and are incompatible with the unique anatomical traits shared by living sponges. [10] Calcarea is divided into two subclasses (Calcinea and Calcaronea) and a number of orders.
Porifera are suspension feeders, meaning they can filter plankton and other microorganisms through its osculum. Porifera contain choanocytes , pinacocytes , and archeocytes . The structure of the choanocyte being a singular flagellum surrounded by microvilli is a characteristic of most porifera which allows water to enter.
The siliceous sponges form a major group of the phylum Porifera, consisting of classes Demospongiae and Hexactinellida. They are characterized by spicules made out of silicon dioxide, unlike calcareous sponges. Individual siliachoates (silica skeleton scaffolding) can be arranged tightly within the sponginocyte or crosshatched and fused together.
Main cell types of Porifera [1] Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells") are cells that line the interior of asconoid , syconoid and leuconoid body types of sponges that contain a central flagellum , or cilium, surrounded by a collar of microvilli which are connected by a thin membrane.
Hippospongia communis also known as the honeycomb bath sponge, is a marine sponge in the phylum Porifera. Hippospongia communis is a brown or darker color [1] and very porous, due to its many oscules, and is commonly found in shallow waters of the Mediterranean. Throughout history, H. communis has been used for cleaning, medicine, and cooking ...
Cladorhizidae sponges continue to be a subject of fascination for marine biologists, who aim to understand the evolution and ecology of these unique organisms. However, due to their deep-sea habitat and the challenges associated with studying them, much about these sponges remains unknown.