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The popularity of fairy lamps spread to America, and glassworks on the eastern seaboard and Midwest began manufacturing fairy lamps as well. An exhibit at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago featuring an island lit by fairy lamps [ 6 ] (3,000 of which were donated by Samuel Clarke), [ 5 ] later toured various American cities. [ 7 ]
A pair of lamps made by Miller and Sons from 1835 were sold in 2007 in New York by Christie's for $10,000, [2] and another pair from 1840 fetched $8,800 in 2000. [13] A pair of their lamps are fitted to a horse-drawn fire engine from 1862 which is displayed in the Museum of London .
In New Orleans, arc lamps were used for street lighting starting in 1881. In 1882, the New Orleans Brush Lighting Company installed one hundred 2,000-candlepower arc lamps along five miles of wharf and riverfront; by 1885, New Orleans had 655 arc lights. [1] In Chicago, arc lamps were used in public street lighting starting in 1887. [1]
Kerosine lamps were used in the home for lighting, since electric lighting was only beginning in the late 1800s. [22] Demand for kerosine lamps would continue for decades. By 1920 electricity reached only 35 percent of homes in the United States. [23] Lamps from the 1890s consisted of a stand, font, chimney, and often a shade. [24]
Lamps appear in the Torah and other Jewish sources as a symbol of "lighting" the way for the righteous, the wise, and for love and other positive values. While fire was often described as being destructive, light was given a positive spiritual meaning. The oil lamp and its light were important household items, and this may explain their symbolism.
The Argand lamp was introduced to Thomas Jefferson in Paris in 1784 and according to him gave off "a light equal to six or eight candles." [ 4 ] These new lamps, much more complex and costly than the previous primitive oil lamps, were first adopted by the wealthy, but soon spread to the middle classes and eventually the less well-off as well.
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