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  2. False positives and false negatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false...

    Complementarily, the false negative rate (FNR) is the proportion of positives which yield negative test outcomes with the test, i.e., the conditional probability of a negative test result given that the condition being looked for is present. In statistical hypothesis testing, this fraction is given the letter β.

  3. Bayes' theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes'_theorem

    If all 1,000 take the test, 82 of those with the disease will get a true positive result (sensitivity of 90.1%), 9 of those with the disease will get a false negative result (false negative rate of 9.9%), 827 of those without the disease will get a true negative result (specificity of 91.0%), and 82 of those without the disease will get a false ...

  4. Sensitivity and specificity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_and_specificity

    The red dot indicates the patient with the medical condition. The red background indicates the area where the test predicts the data point to be positive. The true positive in this figure is 6, and false negatives of 0 (because all positive condition is correctly predicted as positive). Therefore, the sensitivity is 100% (from 6 / (6 + 0 ...

  5. Algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

    Flowchart of using successive subtractions to find the greatest common divisor of number r and s. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈ æ l ɡ ə r ɪ ð əm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [1]

  6. Duty cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_cycle

    The duty cycle is defined as the ratio between the pulse duration, or pulse width and the period of a rectangular waveform Spectrum in relation to duty cycle. A duty cycle or power cycle is the fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active.

  7. Standard deviation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation

    A little algebra shows that the distance between P and M (which is the same as the orthogonal distance between P and the line L) (¯) is equal to the standard deviation of the vector (x 1, x 2, x 3), multiplied by the square root of the number of dimensions of the vector (3 in this case).

  8. Estimates of historical world population - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimates_of_historical...

    The following table uses astronomical year numbering for dates, negative numbers corresponding roughly to the corresponding year BC (for example, −8,000 = 8,000 BC, etc.). The table starts counting approximately 10,000 years before present, or around 8,000 BC, during the middle Greenlandian , about 1,700 years after the end of the Younger ...

  9. Intersex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 29 January 2025. Atypical congenital variations of sex characteristics This article is about intersex in humans. For intersex in other animals, see Intersex (biology). Not to be confused with Hermaphrodite. Intersex topics Human rights and legal issues Compulsory sterilization Discrimination Human rights ...