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  2. Taxonomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy

    Logical division, [32] or logical partitioning (top-down classification or downward classification) is an approach that divides a class into subclasses and then divide subclasses into their subclasses, and so on, which finally forms a tree of classes. The root of the tree is the original class, and the leaves of the tree are the final classes.

  3. Cognitive categorization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_categorization

    Categorization is a type of cognition involving conceptual differentiation between characteristics of conscious experience, such as objects, events, or ideas.It involves the abstraction and differentiation of aspects of experience by sorting and distinguishing between groupings, through classification or typification [1] [2] on the basis of traits, features, similarities or other criteria that ...

  4. Outline (list) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_(list)

    When loaded into an outliner, an outline may be collapsed or expanded to display as few or as many levels as desired. Outliners are used for storing and retrieving textual information, with terms, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs attached to a tree. So rather than being arranged by document, information is arranged by topic or content.

  5. Grouped data - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grouped_data

    Another method of grouping the data is to use some qualitative characteristics instead of numerical intervals. For example, suppose in the above example, there are three types of students: 1) Below normal, if the response time is 5 to 14 seconds, 2) normal if it is between 15 and 24 seconds, and 3) above normal if it is 25 seconds or more, then the grouped data looks like:

  6. Kingdom (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)

    They held that only monophyletic groups should be accepted as formal ranks in a classification and that – while this approach had been impractical previously (necessitating "literally dozens of eukaryotic 'kingdoms '") – it had now become possible to divide the eukaryotes into "just a few major groups that are probably all monophyletic". [42]

  7. Phylum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylum

    The term phylum was coined in 1866 by Ernst Haeckel from the Greek phylon (φῦλον, "race, stock"), related to phyle (φυλή, "tribe, clan"). [4] [5] Haeckel noted that species constantly evolved into new species that seemed to retain few consistent features among themselves and therefore few features that distinguished them as a group ("a self-contained unity"): "perhaps such a real and ...

  8. Dichotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotomy

    In this image, the universal set U (the entire rectangle) is dichotomized into the two sets A (in pink) and its complement A c (in grey). A dichotomy / d aɪ ˈ k ɒ t ə m i / is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets). In other words, this couple of parts must be jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the ...

  9. Part of speech - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speech

    Adjectives make the meaning of another word (noun) more precise. Verb (states action or being) a word denoting an action (walk), occurrence (happen), or state of being (be). Without a verb, a group of words cannot be a clause or sentence. Adverb (describes, limits) a modifier of an adjective, verb, or another adverb (very, quite). Adverbs make ...