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Whānau (Māori pronunciation: [ˈɸaːnaʉ]) is the Māori language word for the basic extended family group. Within Māori society the whānau encompasses three or four generations and forms the political unit below the levels of hapū (subtribe), iwi (tribe or nation) and waka (migration canoe).
whānau: extended family or community of related families [13] whare: house, building; Other Māori words and phrases may be recognised by most New Zealanders, but generally not used in everyday speech: hapū: subtribe; or, pregnant; kapa haka: cultural gathering involving dance competitions; haka team
Many other words such as whānau (meaning "family") and kai (meaning "food") are also widely understood and used by New Zealanders. The Māori phrase Ka kite anō means 'until I see you again' is quite commonly used. In 2023, 47 words or expressions from New Zealand English, mostly from te reo Māori were added to the Oxford English Dictionary ...
For example, the terms 'iwi', 'hapu', and 'whānau' (as noted above) can also be translated in order as 'bones', 'pregnant', and 'give birth'. The prize winning Māori author, Keri Hulme, named her best known novel as The Bone People: a title linked directly to the dual meaning of the word 'iwi as both 'bone' and 'tribal people'.
The word hapū literally means "pregnant", [4] and its usage in a socio-political context is a metaphor for the genealogical connection that unites hapū members. Similarly, the Māori word for land, whenua , can also mean " placenta ", metaphorically indicating the connection between people and land, and the Māori word for tribe, iwi , can ...
The word is both singular and plural in the Māori language, and is typically pluralised as such in English. Iwi groups trace their ancestry to the original Polynesian migrants who, according to tradition, arrived from Hawaiki .
Māori society across New Zealand was broadly stratified into three classes of people: rangatira, chiefs and ruling families; tūtūā, commoners; and mōkai, slaves. Tohunga also held special standing in their communities as specialists of revered arts, skills and esoteric knowledge.
Whāngai adoption, often referred to simply as whāngai (literally, "to nourish"), is a traditional method of open adoption among the Māori people of New Zealand.. Whāngai is a community process rather than a legal process, [1] and usually involves a child being brought up by a close relative, either because his or her parents have died or because they are unable to look after the child.