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The 2016 GHI emphasizes that the regions, countries, and populations most vulnerable to hunger and undernutrition have to be identified, so improvement can be targeted there, if the world community wants to seriously Sustainable Development Goal 2 on ending hunger and achieving food security.
The percentage of the population affected by undernutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics from 2012. The number of undernourished people (million) in 2010–2012 and 2014–2016 (projected).
Undernutrition can manifest as stunting, wasting, and underweight. If undernutrition occurs during pregnancy, or before two years of age, it may result in permanent problems with physical and mental development. [1] [50] Extreme undernutrition can cause starvation, chronic hunger, Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), and/or Moderate Acute ...
An alternative measure of hunger across the world is the Global Hunger Index (GHI). Unlike the FAO's measure, the GHI defines hunger in a way that goes beyond raw calorie intake, to include for example ingestion of micronutrients. GDI is a multidimensional statistical tool used to describe the state of countries' hunger situation.
The World Health Organization estimated in 2008 that globally, half of all cases of undernutrition in children under five were caused by unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, or insufficient hygiene. [6] This link is often due to repeated diarrhea and intestinal worm infections as a result of inadequate sanitation. [17]
UNICEF defines undernutrition "as the outcome of insufficient food intake (hunger) and repeated infectious diseases. Undernutrition includes being underweight for one's age, too short for one's age (stunted growth), dangerously thin (muscle wasting), and deficient in vitamins and minerals (micronutrient malnutrition). [2]
The world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030. "The signs of increasing hunger and food insecurity are a warning that there is considerable work to be done to make sure the world "leaves no one behind" on the road towards a world with zero hunger." [12] It is unlikely there will be an end to malnutrition in Africa by 2030. [13] [14]
There are many consequences of hunger in Bangladesh, namely malnutrition, undernutrition in children, child stunting, and child wasting. [2] According to UNICEF, there are three main outcomes: underweight (moderately) 36.4%, stunting is at 41.3%, wasting is at 15.6%.