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Residual soil refers to the soil that develops directly on bedrock or till, and is collected from areas above alluvial plains and slope bases, excluding areas with agricultural activities. From: Environmental Geochemistry , 2008
Residual soils are formed from the weathering of rocks and practically remain at the location of origin with little or no movement of individual soil particles. Transported soils are those that have formed at one location (like residual soils) but are transported and deposited at another location.
Residual soil is the material resulting from the in situ weathering of the parent rock. Residual soils are distributed throughout many regions of the world, such as Africa, South Asia, Australia, Southeastern North America, Central and South America, and considerable regions of Europe.
Transported soil is a mixture of soil particles from different sources, while residual soil reflects the weathering of the underlying bedrock. Understanding these differences in composition is crucial in determining the properties and potential uses of soil in various applications.
A residual soil forms over many years, as mechanical and chemical weathering slowly change solid rock into soil. The development of a residual soil may go something like this. The bedrock fractures because of weathering from ice wedging or another physical process.
Residual soils occur naturally and are developed from existing material. Usually, they occur when a “parent rock” is weathered over time. The rate at which a soil is weathered depends on a variety of factors, including the climate, soil type, length of exposure, and properties of the parent rock.
The main difference between the transported soil and the residual soil is that the transported soil is blown or washed away from its parent rock. The residual soil is the one that remains a place of formation.
Given the predominance of residual soils in the under-developed parts of the United States and the Southern Hemisphere, and the increasing rate of new construction in these regions, the understanding of residual soils is expected to increase in importance in the coming years.
Residual soils are formed directly by the physical and chemical weathering of the rock underlying them. Sedimentary soils undergo additional processes; the residual soil is eroded by rainfall and then transported by streams and rivers to be deposited in lakes or the sea as indicated in Figure 1.1.
residual soil behaviour should be an integral part of mainstream soil mechanics, especially of its syllabus in university courses. This paper is an attempt to highlight some significant aspects of residual soil behaviour that should be essential material in basic soil mechanics courses. 2 FORMATION