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Special relativity. Gravitational time dilation is a form of time dilation, an actual difference of elapsed time between two events, as measured by observers situated at varying distances from a gravitating mass. The lower the gravitational potential (the closer the clock is to the source of gravitation), the slower time passes, speeding up as ...
Time dilation is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them (special relativity), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations (general relativity). When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity.
Decay time of muons: The time dilation formula is , where T0 is the proper time of a clock comoving with the muon, corresponding with the mean decay time of the muon in its proper frame. As the muon is at rest in S′, we have γ=1 and its proper time T′0 is measured. As it is moving in S, we have γ>1, therefore its proper time is shorter ...
The gravitational redshift of a light wave as it moves upwards against a gravitational field (produced by the yellow star below). The effect is greatly exaggerated in this diagram. In physics and general relativity, gravitational redshift (known as Einstein shift in older literature) [1][2] is the phenomenon that electromagnetic waves or ...
Gravitational time dilation near a large, slowly rotating, nearly spherical body, such as the Earth or Sun can be reasonably approximated as follows: [21] = where: t r is the elapsed time for an observer at radial coordinate r within the gravitational field;
Albert Einstein proposed [3][4] three tests of general relativity, subsequently called the "classical tests" of general relativity, in 1916: the perihelion precession of Mercury 's orbit. the deflection of light by the Sun. the gravitational redshift of light. In the letter to The Times (of London) on November 28, 1919, he described the theory ...
Gravitational time dilation in the Earth's gravitational field has been measured numerous times using atomic clocks, [67] while ongoing validation is provided as a side effect of the operation of the Global Positioning System (GPS). [68] Tests in stronger gravitational fields are provided by the observation of binary pulsars. [69] All results ...
From a theoretical standpoint, however, the status of gravitational redshift/time dilation is quite different. It is widely recognized that general relativity, despite accounting for all data gathered to date, cannot represent a final theory of nature. [11] The equivalence principle (EP) lies at the heart of the general theory of relativity ...