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2. Metformin - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

   Metformin inhibits cyclic AMP production, blocking the action of glucagon, and thereby reducing fasting glucose levels. [111] Metformin also induces a profound shift in the faecal microbial community profile in diabetic mice, and this may contribute to its mode of action possibly through an effect on glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. [102]

3. Peak-to-trough ratio - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak-to-trough_ratio

   Peak-to-trough ratio in pharmacokinetics is the ratio of peak (C max) and trough (C min) levels of a drug over its dosing interval (τ) at steady state.. Peak-to-trough ratio (PTR), also known as peak-to-trough variation or peak-to-trough fluctuation, is a parameter in pharmacokinetics which is defined as the ratio of C max (peak) concentration and C min (trough) concentration over a dosing ...

4. Cmax (pharmacology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cmax_(pharmacology)

   C max is the maximum (or peak) serum concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment or test area of the body after the drug has been administered and before the administration of a second dose. [1] It is a standard measurement in pharmacokinetics.

5. 7 Benefits of Metformin (Including Weight Loss) - AOL

   www.aol.com/7-benefits-metformin-including...

   Metformin shows may also help reduce the severity of diseases relating to insulin and glucose levels. This includes PCOS, certain tumor-related cancers, gestational diabetes and age-related diseases.

6. Uncommon Signs of Diabetes Doctors Want You to Know - AOL

   www.aol.com/uncommon-signs-diabetes-doctors-want...

   Endocrinologists share uncommon symptoms of diabetes that may indicate type 1, type 2, or prediabetes. Some signs include infections and dry skin.

7. Biological half-life - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_half-life

   Caesium in the body has a biological half-life of about one to four months. Mercury (as methylmercury) in the body has a half-life of about 65 days. Lead in the blood has a half life of 28–36 days. [29] [30] Lead in bone has a biological half-life of about ten years. Cadmium in bone has a biological half-life of about 30 years.

8. Here’s How to Know If Your Metformin Is Working or Not - AOL

   www.aol.com/lifestyle/know-metformin-working-not...

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9. Pharmacodynamics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacodynamics

   In principle, a pharmacologist would aim for a target plasma concentration of the drug for a desired level of response. In reality, there are many factors affecting this goal. Pharmacokinetic factors determine peak concentrations, and concentrations cannot be maintained with absolute consistency because of metabolic breakdown and excretory ...