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2. European corn borer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Corn_Borer

   Pyrausta nubilalis f. fanalisCostantini, 1923. The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), also known as the European corn worm or European high-flyer, is a moth of the family Crambidae. It is a pest of grain, particularly maize (Zea mays). The insect is native to Europe, originally infesting varieties of millet, including broom corn.

3. Bacillus thuringiensis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_thuringiensis

   subsp. " tolworthi " Sick et al. 1990. subsp. " toumanoffii " Krieg 1969. subsp. " wuhanensis " Kuo and Chak 1996. Gram stain of Bacillus thuringiensis under 1000 × magnification. Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, the most commonly used biological pesticide worldwide.

4. Delta endotoxins - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_endotoxins

   Delta endotoxins (δ-endotoxins) are a family of pore-forming toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis species of bacteria. They are useful for their insecticidal action and are the primary toxin produced by the genetically modified (GM) Bt maize/corn and other GM crops. During spore formation the bacteria produce crystals of such proteins ...

5. SmartStax - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SmartStax

   SmartStax is a brand of genetically modified seed made through a collaboration between Monsanto Company and Dow Chemical Company. [1] It takes advantage of multiple modes of insect protection and herbicide tolerance. SmartStax takes advantage of Yieldgard VT Triple (Monsanto), Herculex Xtra (Dow), RoundUp Ready 2 (Monsanto), and Liberty Link (Dow).

6. Carbofuran - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbofuran

   Carbofuran is a carbamate pesticide, widely used around the world to control insects on a wide variety of field crops, including potatoes, corn and soybeans.It is a systemic insecticide, which means that the plant absorbs it through the roots, and from there the plant distributes it throughout its organs where insecticidal concentrations are attained.

7. Genetically modified maize - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_maize

   A 2018 study found that Bt-corn protected nearby fields of non-Bt corn and nearby vegetable crops, reducing the use of pesticides on those crops. Data from 1976 to 1996 (before Bt corn was widespread) was compared to data after it was adopted (1996–2016). They examined levels of the European corn borer and corn earworm. Their larvae eat a ...