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Bulgaria, however, unhappy with the resulting division of territory, soon went to war against its former allies Serbia and Greece and lost territory it had gained in the first war. The First World War (1914–1918) saw Bulgaria fighting (1915–1918) alongside Germany , Austria-Hungary , and the Ottoman Empire.
The new territory of Bulgaria was limited between the Danube and the Stara Planina range, with its seat at the old Bulgarian capital of Veliko Turnovo and including Sofia. This revision left large populations of ethnic Bulgarians outside the new country and defined Bulgaria's militaristic approach to foreign affairs and its participation in ...
Map of territorial changes in Europe after World War I (as of 1923). Changes in national boundaries after the end of the Cold War. 1917 December 6 — The Grand Duchy of Finland declares its full independence from the collapsing Russian Empire.
Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi) and is the sixteenth-largest country in Europe. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities include Burgas, Plovdiv, and Varna.
Bulgaria's flora contains between 3,800 [87] and 4,200 [88] vascular plant species of which 170 are endemic and 150 are considered endangered. There more than 6,500 species of non-vascular plants and fungi. [84] The Eurasian lynx has a growing population in Bulgaria. Bulgaria's vertebrate fauna is among the most diverse in Europe.
Bulgaria gains Strumica, Western Thrace, and a section of the Aegean Littoral. Romania first gains from Bulgaria the port of Silistra with the Protocol of St. Petersburg of 1913 and then the region of Southern Dobruja following the Second Balkan War. With these losses, the Ottoman Empire is almost completely cut off from Europe.
Bulgaria's territory extended twice from the middle Danube to the north of Budapest to the Dnester though possession of Transylvania is debatable. In 813 Khan Krum seized Odrin and plundered the whole of Eastern Thrace. He took 50,000 captivities who were settled in Bulgaria across the Danube. The relocated population managed to maintain social ...
Bulgaria was divided into provinces, whose numbers varied with the territorial evolution of the country. In surviving primary sources, the provinces were named with the Byzantine term hora or the Bulgarian terms zemya (земя), strana (страна), and oblast (област), usually named after its main city.