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Praxis is an activity unique to man, which distinguishes him from all other beings. [8] The concept appears in two of Marx's early works: the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and the Theses on Feuerbach (1845). [5]
For Marx, the non-reflexive habituating praxis leads to false consciousness and alienation. Mihailo Marković expanded on the concept of praxis, identifying key elements such as creativity, autonomy, sociality, rationality, and intentionality. These moments of praxis offer alternatives to sameness, subordination, massification, blind reaction ...
The iconic 11th thesis on Feuerbach as it appears in the original German manuscript. Marx sharply criticized the contemplative materialism of the Young Hegelians, viewing "the essence of man" in isolation and abstraction, instead arguing that the nature of man could only be understood in the context of his economic and social relations. [4]
For the extreme representatives of this school, the concept of alienation is a "pre-Marxist" concept which Marx had to overcome before he could arrive at a scientific analysis of capitalist economy. — Ernest Mandel, The Formation of the Economic Thought of Karl Marx , p. 164
In philosophy, praxeology or praxiology (/ ˌ p r æ k s i ˈ ɒ l ə dʒ i /; from Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (praxis) 'deed, action' and -λογία (-logia) 'study of') is the theory of human action, based on the notion that humans engage in purposeful behavior, contrary to reflexive behavior and other unintentional behavior.
Marx's rejection of this sort of teleology was one reason for his enthusiastic (though not entirely uncritical) reception of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection. [ 26 ] For Marx, dialectics is not a formula for generating predetermined outcomes but is a method for the empirical study of social processes in terms of interrelations ...
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Karl Marx's theory of alienation describes the separation and estrangement of people from their work, their wider world, their human nature, and their selves. Alienation is a consequence of the division of labour in a capitalist society, wherein a human being's life is lived as a mechanistic part of a social class .