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Oscillation is the repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states. Familiar examples of oscillation include a swinging pendulum and alternating current .
Periodic motion is motion in which the position(s) of the system are expressible as periodic functions, all with the same period. For a function on the real numbers or on the integers , that means that the entire graph can be formed from copies of one particular portion, repeated at regular intervals.
Atmospheric tides are global-scale periodic oscillations of the atmosphere. In many ways they are analogous to ocean tides. They can be excited by: The regular day-night cycle in the Sun's heating of the atmosphere ; The gravitational field pull of the Moon; Non-linear interactions between tides and planetary waves
Thus simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion. If energy is lost in the system, then the mass exhibits damped oscillation. Note if the real space and phase space plot are not co-linear, the phase space motion becomes elliptical. The area enclosed depends on the amplitude and the maximum momentum.
A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function. In mechanics, as a linear motion over time, this is simple harmonic motion; as rotation, it corresponds to uniform circular motion.
Physics is also called "the fundamental science" because all branches of natural science including chemistry, astronomy, geology, and biology are constrained by laws of physics. [58] Similarly, chemistry is often called the central science because of its role in linking the physical sciences.
A time crystal can be informally defined as a time-periodic self-organizing structure. While an ordinary crystal is periodic (has a repeating structure) in space, a time crystal has a repeating structure in time. A time crystal is periodic in time in the same sense that the pendulum in a pendulum-driven clock is periodic in time.
Periodic travelling waves play a fundamental role in many mathematical equations, including self-oscillatory systems, [1] [2] excitable systems [3] and reaction–diffusion–advection systems. [4] Equations of these types are widely used as mathematical models of biology, chemistry and physics, and many examples in phenomena resembling ...